R. COLLIN1, M. C. DÍAZ2,3, J.NORENBURG3, R. M. ROCHA4, J. A. SÁNCHEZ5, A. SCHULZE6, M. SCHWARTZ3, AND A. VALDÉS7
1Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama.
2Museo Marino de Margarita, Boulevard El Paseo, Boca del Rio, Peninsula de Macanao, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela.
3Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Invertebrate Zoology,
Washington, DC 20560-0163, USA.
4Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Zoologia, CP 19020, 81.531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
5Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1E No 18A – 10, Bogotá, Colombia.
6Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA.
7Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA.
1Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama.
2Museo Marino de Margarita, Boulevard El Paseo, Boca del Rio, Peninsula de Macanao, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela.
3Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Invertebrate Zoology,
Washington, DC 20560-0163, USA.
4Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Zoologia, CP 19020, 81.531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
5Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1E No 18A – 10, Bogotá, Colombia.
6Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA.
7Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA.
This identification guide is the result of intensive sampling of shallow-water habitats in Bocas del Toro during 2003 and 2004. The guide is designed to aid in identification of a selection of common macroscopic marine invertebrates in the field and includes 95 species of sponges, 43 corals, 35 gorgonians, 16 nemerteans, 12 sipunculeans, 19 opisthobranchs, 23 echinoderms, and 32 tunicates. Species are included here on the basis on local abundance and the availability of adequate photographs. Taxonomic coverage of some groups such as tunicates and sponges is greater than 70% of species reported from the area, while coverage for some other groups is significantly less and many microscopic phyla are not included. Since this guide does not include microscopic structures such as spicule morphology in sponges and gorgonians, or internal soft anatomy which is often necessary for accurate identification of marine invertebrates, certain identification of many species will require subsequent detailed examination in the laboratory. We expect that the photographs and descriptions provided here will significantly increase the ease with which preliminary field identifications can be made.
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